Scope EJZ publishes high quality papers (in English language) that cover topics related to the descriptive, comparative, experimental and applied zoology, including veterinary and primates’ researches. Purely taxonomic manuscripts are considered only if modern tools for classifications are used, and sufficient biological or biogeographic information is included. Manuscripts are not considered for publication in EJZ, if they do not have significant new findings of fundamental and general zoological interest, do not follow ethics for animal and human use, or contain poorly-characterized natural products. Manuscripts may be rejected without peer review by the editor-in-chief if they do not comply with the instructions for authors, or if they are beyond the aim and scope of the journal.
EJZ encourages authors from all countries to submit manuscripts dealing with subjects within the scope of the journal. Also, EJZ invites suggestions for special issues; interested parties may contact the editor-in-chief.
EJZ has a policy of screening for plagiarism. Therefore, whenever author paraphrases, summarizes, or takes sentences or words from another person's work, it is necessary to indicate the source of the information within the manuscript using an internal citation.
Redundant or Duplicate Publication The authors should confirm that their manuscripts have not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of academic thesis), they are not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and if they accepted, they will not be published elsewhere (either in whole or in part), in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
Permissions to Reproduce Previously Published Material EJZ requires copies of permission to reproduce material (such as illustrations) from the copyright holder of the previously published material. The articles cannot be published without these permissions.
Authorship All authors should confirm that they have read and approved the manuscript and sign the covering letter. Also, all authors should confirm that they have met the criteria for authorship, believe that the paper represents honest work, and are able to verify the validity of the results reported. All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship, and all those who qualify should be listed. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. One or more authors should take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, from inception to published article. Authorship credit should be based only on: • Substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data. • Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content. • Final approval of the version to be published. • Acquisition of funding, the collection of data or general supervision of the research group, by themselves, do not justify authorship. • All others who contributed to the work and are not authors should be named in the acknowledgements section.
Changes to Authorship
The authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of the author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted, and only if approved by the editor-in-chief. To request such a change, the editor-in-chief must receive the following from the corresponding author: • Reason for the change in author list. • A confirmation from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. • A confirmation from the author being added or removed. • Only in exceptional circumstances will the editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of the authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended.
Conflict of Interest The authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. It should be in the acknowledgements section of the manuscript. If the authors are sure that there is no conflict of interest, they should state that. Sources of funding should also be acknowledged in the manuscript in the acknowledgements section.
Copyright Assignment Papers are accepted for publication on the understanding that exclusive copyright in the paper is assigned to the Publisher. The authors are asked to sign a copyright assignment form after accepting the manuscripts for publication in EJZ. Without the signed copyright form, the manuscript cannot be published.
Ethics Committee Approval Submission of a manuscript to EJZ implies that all authors have read and agreed to its content and the experimental research that is reported in the manuscript has been approved by an appropriate ethics committee. For experiments involving animals, authors must state the care of animal and licensing guidelines under which the study was performed. Similarly, research carried out on humans should be in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki for Human Experimentation. Ethical statement must appear in the methods section, including the name of the body which gave approval. Informed consent must also be documented. The protection of a patient's right to privacy is essential; therefore, a clearly grant permission of patients or other subjects of your experiments for the publication of photographs or other material that might identify them is required. If the consent form did not specifically include this permission, the authors should obtain it or remove the personal identifying material from their manuscript. If you have approval from a National Drug Agency (or similar) please state this in the methods section; this can be particularly useful when discussing the use of unlicensed drugs. If ethical statement reporting was not necessary, or if there was any deviation from the standard ethical guidelines, the authors should explain that. The editor-in-chief may ask the authors to provide evidence of ethical approval. Manuscripts may be rejected if the research has not been carried out within an ethical framework.
Types of Papers Original Research Papers (no longer than 6000 words including references, tables and figures captions): They should report the results of original researches that have not been previously published elsewhere. Articles are expected to contribute new information to the knowledge base in the field of zoology, not just to confirm previously-published work.
Review Articles (no longer than 10000 words including references, tables and figures captions): They should deal with topics of general interest or of contemporary importance, being synthetic rather than comprehensive in emphasis. They should provide an objective critical evaluation of a defined subject. Evaluation of the quality of existing data, the status of knowledge, and the research required to advance knowledge of the subject are essential for publication.
Short Communications and Technical Notes (no longer than 3000 words including references, tables and figures captions): Short communications are used to communicate results which represent a major breakthrough or startling new discovery, which should therefore be published quickly. Technical notes should present new methods and procedures for either research methodology or culture-related techniques.
Both short communications and technical notes must contain sufficient data to establish that the research has achieved reliable and significant results. The editor reserves the right to decide that a manuscript be treated as a short communication or technical note.
Letters to the Editor (no longer than 500 words): Letters to the editor reflect the opinions of other researchers on the articles published in the journal. A full name, affiliation and email address of the sender should be included for verification. These letters may be edited for length and clarity by the editor-in-chief.
Manuscript Preparation The authors should notice a recent volume of EJZ for styling details and presentation. If the manuscript does not follow the format of the journal, it will be returned to the authors without peer review. Manuscripts should be written in good English (American or British English is acceptable, but not a mixture of them). Manuscript’s text should be in A4 page with one inch (2.54 cm) margin and in a single-column format with double spacing, using font 12 Times New Roman. Text should be typed without end of line hyphenation, except for compound words. Punctuation should be consistent and only a single space inserted between words and after punctuation. All Latin words should be in italics. Also, names of genera, species and subspecies should be typed in italics followed by the authority at the first mention in the text. Abbreviations should be explained at the first appearance in the text.
The manuscript should contain the following sections: Title page, English abstract (with five Keywords), introduction, material and methods, results, discussion (a combined results and discussion section is acceptable), acknowledgements (including financial support and conflict of interest), authors’ contributions, references, tables (with captions), figures’ captions, figures (without captions), and Arabic summary (for non-Arabic native, international authors, the editor will translate the English abstract for them into the Arabic language). Conclusion, as a heading, is acceptable especially in review articles. Footnotes should be avoided. All manuscript pages should be consecutively numbered from the title page till the Arabic summary. The authors are requested to restrict the length of manuscripts; repetition has to be avoided. Tables and figures have to be explanatory to statistical results without repetition with each other or with text.
The file should be saved in the native format of the Word Processor (Doc or Docx). Please do not save files in portable document format (PDF). Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article by an electronic submission system.
Title Page (in a separate page): Manuscript’s Title: It should be concise and informative (without abbreviation and formulas) and typed in capital and bold letters (font: 14 Times New Roman).
Authors’ Names and Affiliations: The name of authors should be written bold with font 14 Times New Roman as follows: The first name, followed by the initials of middle names, and the family name (surname). The name of authors should be separated by comma; the conjunctive “and” should be added before the last author. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names using the regular 12 Times New Roman font. Indicate all affiliations with a superscript bold number immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding Author: Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing, publication and post-publication by a superscript bold asterisk immediately after the affiliation number on the author name and in front of the address of corresponding author. Ensure that the complete postal address and e-mail address of the corresponding authors are provided. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.
Short Running Title: It should be no more than 60 characters (including spaces) for page headings.
English Abstract with Keywords (in a separate page, font: 14 Times New Roman): Abstract: A concise and factual, but adequate, unstructured (one paragraph without subheadings) abstracts is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research,the principal results and major conclusions. The abstract is often presented separately from the article, soit must be able to stand alone. For this reason, references should be avoided in the abstract. Also, abbreviations should be avoided or explained. The abstract should be no longer than 250 words.
Keywords: Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of five keywords, avoiding general and plural terms. Be sparing with abbreviations, only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Text: Introduction: It should be short, provide an adequate background, and state the objectives of the work. Give only strictly pertinent references and do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported.
Material and Methods: Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced as follows: • Give details of ethics committee approval. • Describe your selection of the experimental subjects (patients or laboratory animals including controls). Identify the age, sex and other important characteristics of the subjects. • Identify the methods and procedures in sufficient details. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described. • Identify precisely all drugs and chemicals used, including generic name(s) and route(s) of administration. • Describe statistical methods with enough details to enable a knowledgeable reader to access to the original data to verify the reported results. Specify any computer program used.
Results: Results should be clear and concise. Do not repeat in the text all the data in illustrations or tables; summarize only the important observations.
Discussion: It should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. It is useful to begin the discussion by a brief summary of the main findings, then compare and contrast the results with other relevant studies. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature. Link a short conclusion at the end of the discussion without heading (for example: In conclusion, the present study proved that………..) with the goals of the study.
Conclusion: Conclusion, as a heading, is acceptable especially in review articles.
Acknowledgements: All individuals who contributed to the work and are not authors should be named in the acknowledgements section. Financial support with grant number or assistance from commercial sources should be acknowledged. Also, disclaimer and conflict of interests should be included here.
Authors’ Contributions: The contributions of authors should be determined here by the correspondence author, according to whom: • Planned the study and designed all experiments • Carried out the experiments and performed the statistical analysis • Summarised, discussed and interpreted the results • Drafted the manuscript
Authors’ initials should be used here instead of the full name.
References: They should be given in the text using the Vancouver system. References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they first appear in the text using superscript Arabic numerals in brackets as in the following examples: • Serum total protein was estimated according to the method of Henry et al.[1] using Sentinel CH. Kits (Milan, Italy). • Immunosuppression was induced by cyclophosphamide, the well-known immunosuppressant[2,3], while fatal systemic anaphylaxis was induced by compound 48/80, the most potent secretagogues of mast cells[4–6, 8].
The authors should follow the following rules for citing references in the text and in the list: • The authors are absolutely responsible for the bibliographic accuracy of the manuscript and should revise every reference in the original manuscript and proofs. Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). • If a reference is cited more than once the same number should be used each time. • References cited only in tables and figure legends and not in the text should be numbered in sequence from the last number used in the text and in the order of mention of the individual tables and figures in the text. • After authors’ contributions, references should be listed in numerical order. • Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list. • When an article/book has more than three authors/editors only the names of the first three authors/editors should be given followed by et al. • The binomial name of organisms should be typed in italics in the list of references. • The abbreviations of journal’s names should follow the NCBI LinkOut (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/linkout/journals/jourlists.fcgi?typeid=1&type=journals&operation=Show) and the Index Medicus (http://www2.bg.am.poznan.pl/czasopisma/medicus.php?lang=eng). • Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the article has been accepted for publication. • The issue number should be omitted if there is continuous pagination throughout a volume. • References to books and monographs should include the town (and state, if applicable) of the publisher. • Use of EndNote, the reference management software, is highly recommended for easy management and formatting of citations and reference lists (authors can download the EJZ endnote Style from here).
Example for Reference Style in the References List: Journal Article [1] Fouda, W. A.; Ibrahim, W. M.; Ellamie, A. M. et al. (2018). Biochemical and Mineral Compositions of Six Brown Seaweeds Collected from Red Sea at Hurghada Coast. IJMS (In Press). [2] Briganti, S. and Picardo, M. (2003). Antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation and skin diseases: what's new. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 17: 663-669. [3] Ramadan, G. (2011). Generation of functional monocyte-derived fast dendritic cells suitable for clinical application in the absence of interleukin-6. Cytotechnology, 63: 513-521.
Electronic Article [1] Takasu, J.; Uykimpang, R.; Sunga, M. et al. (2002). Aged garlic extract therapy for sickle cell anemia patients. BMC Blood Disord, 2: 3 (DOI: 10.1186/1471-2326-2-3). [2] Balamash, K.; Albar, O.; Wang, Q. et al. (2012). Effect of kyolic® aged garlic extract on glycaemia, lipidaemia and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diab Res Clin Met, 1: 18 (DOI: 10.7243/2050-0866-1-18). [3] El Hasasna, H.; Athamneh, K.; Al Samri, H. et al. (2015). Rhus coriaria induces senescence and autophagic cell death in breast cancer cells through a mechanism involving p38 and ERK1/2 activation. Sci Rep, 5: 13013 (DOI: 10.1038/srep13013).
Book [1] Turner, J. R. and Thayer, J. F. (2001). Introduction to Analysis of Variance: Design, Analysis and Interpretation. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA. [2] Henry, R. J.; Cannon, D. C. and Winkelman, J. W. (1974). Clinical Chemistry: Principles and Techniques. Harpor and Row, New York City, NY. [3] Janeway, C. A.; Travers, P.; Walport, M. et al. (1999). Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. Elsevier Science LTD/Garland Publishing, New York City, NY.
Book Section [1] Prins, H. K. and Loose, J. A. (1969). Glutathione. In: Biochemical Methods in Red Cell Genetics (Yunis, J. J., ed), pp. 126–129. Academic Press, London. [2] Lawson, L. D. (1998). Garlic: a review of its medicinal effects and indicated active compounds. In: Phytomedicines of Europe: Chemistry and Biological Activity (Lawson, L. D. and Bauer, R., eds), pp. 176-209. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. [3] Wenger, C. (1984). Alkaline phosphatase. In: Clinical Chemistry (Kaplan, A., ed), pp. 1094-1098. Mosby, St Louis.
Tables with Captions (every table with its captions and footnotes should be in a separate page): Tables should be free of lines, except for basic horizontal lines.Tables should be numbered consecutively in Arabic numbers and in order of appearance in the text. The table number should be followed by a brief informative descriptive title that is typed above the table, for example: Table 1: Total and differential leucocytes count (103/mm3) in cyclophosphamide (with/without garlic)-treated rats. Footnotes and explanations are to be typed under the table.The tables must ‘stand-alone’ and so all abbreviations and statistical meaning must be defined as footnotes under the tables. Also, all relevant information, e.g. keys to the symbols and formulae, should be included. To mention for the table number in the text, use the following format: (Table 1), Tables “1-3”, as shown in Table “1”, Table “1” indicated that …. etc., with the 1st letter is capital.
Figures’ Captions (in a separate page): The figures should be numbered consecutively in Arabic numbers [subdivide by (a), (b) ….. etc.] and in order of appearance in the text.The figure number should be followed by a brief informative descriptive caption that is typed under the figure, for example: Figure 1: Total and differential leucocytes count (103/mm3) in cyclophosphamide (with/without garlic)-treated rats. The figures must ‘stand-alone’ and so all abbreviations and statistical meaning must be defined in their captions. All relevant information, e.g. keys to the symbols and formulae, should be included in the figure’s caption. Also, magnification should be given in actual terms and all stains used should be described in full. To mention for the figure number in the text, use the following format: (Figure 1), (Figure 1a), Figures “1-3”, as shown in Figure “1”, Figure “1” indicated that …. etc., with the 1st letter is capital.
Figures (each figure without its captions should be in a separate page): Limit the illustrations to those which clarify and reinforce the text, while avoiding illustrations that demonstrate the same features. A manuscript can be rejected on the basis of the poor quality of illustrations. For electronic illustrations, most file formats are accepted but Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) and Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files, with fonts embedded, are preferred. If scanned, line art should be at a resolution of 800-1200 dpi, and halftones and colour at 300 dpi (600 dpi with text). All colour values should be CMYK that refers to the four inks used in some colour printing: cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black). Since illustrations must usually be reduced in size, the authors should insure that numerical and alphabetical notations within illustrations are large enough to be easily legible after reduction. Diagrams and sketches should be in a state suitable for direct production.
Creating Digital Artwork: • Learn about the publication requirements for Digital Artwork: http://links.lww.com/ES/A42 • Create, scan and save your artwork and compare your final figure to the Digital Artwork Guideline Checklist (below). • Upload each figure to Editorial Manager in conjunction with your manuscript text and tables.
Digital Artwork Guideline Checklist: • Artwork should be saved as TIFF, JPEG, EPS, or MS Office (DOC, PPT and XLS) files. High resolution PDF files are also acceptable. • Crop out any white or black space surrounding the image. • Diagrams, drawings, graphs, and other line art must be vector or saved at a resolution of at least 1200 dpi. If created in an MS Office program, send the native (DOC, PPT, XLS) file. • Photographs, radiographs and other halftone images must be saved at a resolution of at least 300 dpi. • Photographs and radiographs with text must be saved as postscript or at a resolution of at least 600 dpi. • Each figure must be saved and submitted as a separate file. The figures should not be embedded in the manuscript text file.
Arabic Summary (in a separate page): Manuscript’s title, authors’ names and affiliations, and unstructured abstract (without keywords) should be written as described above, but in Arabic language. Use symbol, normal text with Arabic-Indic digits, to indicate numbers. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing, publication and post-publication by a superscript bold asterisk immediately after the affiliation number on the author name. For non-Arabic native, international authors, the editor will translate the English abstract for them into the Arabic language.
Nomenclature and Units The authors should follow internationally-accepted rules and conventions for nomenclature. The results should be presented in metric units according to the quantities, units, and symbols of the International System of Units (SI: https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html). The abbreviations of units have neither a period nor an(s) in the plural.
Genes and Their Products The authors should always use the standard gene names and symbols, which can be found in community databases that are specific to particular organisms (e.g., human: www.genenames.org; rat: https://rgd.mcw.edu; mouse: www.informatics.jax.org; zebrafish: http://zfin.org; flies: http://flybase.org; worms: www.wormbase.org). Also, the authors should provide the full gene or protein name followed by its symbol in parentheses upon first usage. In general, the gene symbols and genotype designations should be italicized, but the protein symbols and phenotype designations should not be italicized. The gene names that are written out in full (e.g., insulin-like growth factor 1) should not be italicized. The formatting of symbols for RNA and complementary DNA (cDNA) usually follows the same conventions as those for gene symbols. It can be helpful to explicitly state whether you are referring to a gene or protein, particularly within sentences in which both a gene and its product are mentioned (e.g., “In the present study, the IGF1 gene expression and the IGF1 protein concentration….”). Also, the authors could selectively use the term “expression” when referring to genes and the term “level and concentration” when referring to RNA and proteins.
Cell Lines EJZ expects authors to deposit cell lines (including microbial strains) used in any study to be published in publicly accessible culture collections, for example, the European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC) or the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and to refer to the collection and line or strain numbers in the text (e.g. ATCC 53103). Since the authenticity of subcultures of culture collection specimens that are distributed by individuals cannot be ensured, the authors should indicate laboratory line or strain designations and donor sources, as well as original culture collection identification numbers.
Math Formulae Math equations should be as editable text and not as images; use simple formulae in line with normal text where possible, as the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms [e.g. x/y, (x-z)/y, (x-1)/y…etc.]. In principle, mathematical variables are to be presented in italics. Give the meaning of all symbols immediately after the equation in which they are first used.
Chemical Formulae Valence of ions should be given as, e.g. Ca2+ and not Ca++. Isotope numbers should precede the symbols, e.g., 18O. With inorganic substances, chemical formulas may be used from first mention. With salts, it must be stated whether or not the anhydrous material is used, e.g. anhydrous CuSO4, or which of the different crystalline forms is meant, e.g. CuSO4.5H2O, CuSO4.H2O.
Manuscript Submission Manuscripts for consideration should be submitted via an electronic submission system (http://ejz.journals.ekb.eg) only. The site contains instructions and advice on how to use the system. In addition, the online submission system guides the authors stepwise through the process of entering the manuscript details and uploading the files. The system converts the manuscript files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. The authors should submit the names, speciality, affiliation and e-mail addresses of three potential referees; one international reviewer should be, at least, in the list of referees. The authors may optionally write the names of reviewers who they do not want to review their paper (non-preferred reviewers) in the section of “Additional Comments” of online submission.
In the cover letter to the editor-in-chief, the corresponding author should confirm that: • All authors have met the criteria for authorship, have read and approved the manuscript, believe that the paper represents honest work, and are able to verify the validity of the results reported. • The manuscript has been approved by an appropriate ethics committee and has a declaration for any conflict of interest and financial support. • The manuscript has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of academic thesis) and it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. • All statements made and opinions expressed in the manuscript are the responsibility of the author(s).
After Acceptance All authors should download and sign the copyright assignment form. Without the signed copyright form, the manuscript cannot be published.
Online Proof Correction: Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word, in addition to editing text. The authors can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing authors to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to EJZ in one communication. The authors should check carefully the proof before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proof reading is solely author’s responsibility.
Publication Fees: Submission Fees: 500 Egyptian Pounds for Egyptian Authors & 50 American Dollars for non-Egyptian Authors. The authors should pay this fee with articles’ submission to finance editorial and peer review administration. Article Processing Charge: 1000 Egyptian Pounds for Egyptian Authors & 100 American Dollars for non-Egyptian Authors. The authors should pay this fee post-accepting the article to finance manuscript preparation, open access publication, as well as journal indexing and archiving. Additional Fees: Covering the language editing and cost of reprints (with/without colour figures) upon requesting by the authors.
Payment Methods: • By swift payment to either the Bank Account Number: 1643070570904900013 (in Egyptian Pounds) or the International Bank Account Number: 1643060570904900013 (in American Dollars, IBAN: 1640001111000150918), Bank: NATIONAL BANK OF EGYPT, Branch: CAIRO UNIVERSITY BRANCH, SWIFT Code: NBEGEGCX164, Address: CAIRO UNIVERSITY, GIZA, EGYPT. • By direct payment to the Secretary General of the Zoological Society of A. R. Egypt (Prof. Dr. Mohamed Marzouk, Mobile: 01006040606) at the Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
Waiver and Discount Policy: The journal has a waiver/discount policy for: 1- Reviewers that reviewed at least 2 manuscripts/year. 2- Invited authors. 3-Authors from low income countries, especially those from African countries
A request for waiver and discount should be directly indicated to the editor-in-chief in the section of “Additional Comments” of online submission.
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